A 12-volt relay is an electrical switch that allows one circuit to control another circuit without the need for direct electrical connection between the two. It works by utilizing an electromagnet to open or close a set of contacts when a 12-volt electrical current is applied. Relays are typically used to control high-voltage systems with a low-voltage signal, which makes them highly valuable in applications where low-power signals need to control more powerful electrical devices.

    The basic working principle of a 12-volt relay involves the application of 12 volts to the coil, generating a magnetic field that pulls a contact arm, which in turn opens or closes the relay’s internal contacts. This action allows a low-voltage control signal to safely control higher voltage or current circuits, such as powering a motor, activating a light, or even switching power to a large device.