A 12V relay is an electromagnetic switch that allows a low voltage (typically 12V DC) to control higher voltage circuits. The most common usage of a 12V relay is to control electrical devices that require higher power, such as motors, lights, or other machinery, with a microcontroller or a low-voltage controller like a 12V battery. When the 12V signal is applied to the relay's coil, it creates a magnetic field that pulls or pushes the contacts, thereby switching the connected load.

    Working Principle of a 12V Relay

    The basic operation of a 12V relay involves two main components： the coil and the contacts. When a 12V current is supplied to the coil, it generates a magnetic field, causing a mechanical action to move the relay’s contacts. There are typically two types of contacts in a relay：