A relay is an electrically operated switch that allows one circuit to control another. The 12V relay, as the name suggests, operates at a nominal voltage of 12 volts. Typically, this is the standard voltage used in many automotive and low-power electronics. A relay consists of a coil (electromagnet), a set of contacts (usually a set of switches), and a mechanical armature that moves when the relay is activated.

    When a current flows through the relay’s coil, it generates a magnetic field that pulls the armature, causing the contacts to either close or open depending on the relay type. This action can be used to control a variety of electrical devices, such as lights, motors, and solenoids, without directly applying high power to the control circuit.